China Titanium Association expects substantial growth in demand for short-term is difficult

SMM News: Great Wisdom AAStocks Newswires November 12 hearing, China has become the world's largest titanium producer and consumer countries, and China Coating Industry Association branch chairman Xie Xiangyun titanium dioxide industry is expected on the 12th, in the short term China Titanium demand will not grow larger.

In recent years, the domestic market, titanium pipe price dioxide, titanium dioxide, a significant slowdown in the growth rate of apparent demand trend. Supermarkets General Manager of good pigment Shanghai Cai Xu Bo said that 2013 years of the GDP growth rate has been below 8 percent, sluggish domestic demand for titanium dioxide.

Figure 1: 2008-2012 dioxide apparent demand for our

Cai Xu Bo said that, overall, the domestic titanium dioxide production growth slowing down, in 2012 the national production of 1.89 million tons of titanium dioxide, an increase of 4 percent in 2011, growth is slowing down; and from January to September 2013 by the prices down dragged down by sluggish sales, capacity utilization declined, the actual production of titanium dioxide by about 1.2 million tons.

Figure 2: 2003-2013 domestic titanium tube supplier dioxide production statistics (2013 annual production is estimated at about 1.8 million tons)

Xiexiang Yun said, according to the statistical analysis of the relevant marketing agency, this titanium dioxide business operating rate of about 66% capacity utilization rate of 95% titanium business, slag business started around 35%, this year there are more than 20% of earnings, the Other titanium dioxide business enterprises are very difficult.

"The central government's new term economic roadmap see steady growth, structural adjustment, to the way the main tone of China's economic development in the future and in the coming years." Xie Xiangyun that the next government will reduce the size of loans, land targets, production quantities can administrative and other direct interventions, and the main use of monetary, fiscal and other means of improving macroeconomic total. While the focus on adjusting the focus of market regulation, reducing the industry into the pre-examination and approval, to enhance the quality, safety, environmental protection, energy, technology and other aspects of the standard first-line supervision.

"The aim is to deepen market-oriented reforms had to build an upgraded version of the Chinese economy, and therefore impossible to have a massive investment stimulus policies." Xiexiang Yun said, "Titanium demand is expected in the short term there will be a big increase."

Great Wisdom news agency in the 12th by the China Coating Industry Association of titanium dioxide industry branch sponsored the "2013 China titanium alloy plate dioxide industry will be" informed the above information.

Application of titanium plate and its alloys

Because of the dense titanium light weight, high strength than aluminum , can be maintained at a high temperature than aluminum and high- strength aerospace industry are highly valued . Given the density of titanium, 57% steel , and its specific strength ( strength / weight ratio or strength / density ratio than them registering strength) , anti- corrosion, anti -oxidation, anti-fatigue capabilities are strong, titanium 3/ 4 is used alloy structural materials in aerospace structures represented by 1/ 4 is mainly used as corrosion resistant alloys .

Titanium has a low strength and high plasticity , medium and high strength of the strong points for the 200 ( low intensity ) to 1300 ( high strength ) MPa , but in general can be seen as a high-strength titanium alloy . They are considered than in the strong -strength aluminum alloy for high strength has been completely on some models can replace steel . And the strength of the aluminum alloy at a temperature above 150 ℃ decreased rapidly compared certain titanium alloys at 600 ℃ still maintain good strength.

In addition to strength, according to purpose can be divided into heat and corrosion resistance, low temperature and special features ( such as TiNi shape memory alloy , TiFe hydrogen storage alloys ) and other alloys, the phase composition can be divided by α, α + β α and β and near metastable and several types . Alloy production so far has more than 100 species, only about 10 species widely used in industry . Where the structure of the alloy used for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy accounted for in the whole sale market of 60% , ranking the leading position , followed by Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, its long-term working temperature up to 500 ℃ ( 780 ~ strength 980 MPa ) .

However, there are two major factors that make titanium resource-rich elements can not become commonly used metals. The first is cost. According to the U.S. market price per pound ( 1 pound = 0.45 kg ) of titanium ingots USD 8 to 12 , aluminum ingots 1.00 to $ 1.30 / lb, carbon steel is $ 0.20 ~ 0.40 / lb . But the main factor is the active titanium itself extremely difficult to deal with . Must be strictly controlled atmosphere furnace , welding shall be carried out in an inert atmosphere . Titanium high activity , low thermal conductivity , deformation resistance , poor plasticity at room temperature , the deformation process is not only easy and die bonding, in particular during machining bonded abrasive tools and tends to heat the surface processing , so that the standard manufacture of large structural parts of the waste to produce titanium scrap, so-called residual titanium . Usually titanium ingot forging process can produce 70% of the residual titanium , sometimes up to 90% of this figure .

To reduce the burden caused by the high cost , while the development of the residual titanium processing technology, on the other hand the development of near net shape , super plastic forming, precision casting and powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing and diffusion of high-tech connection . Such as processed by milling , shaping, sintering or hot isostatic pressing method of consolidation near net shape powder metallurgy products as parts, material utilization up to 80% , both to reduce the material consumption , but also significantly reduces the amount of machining . Another example is the large-scale thin-wall casting technology in titanium alloy , titanium castings performance close to titanium forgings , while reducing costs by 50 %.

The main areas of consumption titanium and titanium alloy is first aviation industry . 1980s , American aviation industry accounts for 74.8% of the titanium with a titanium total amount , Russia, the United Kingdom , also mainly used in the aerospace industry, 90% of titanium in Japan for civilian industry. In recent years , titanium used in the aerospace industry in a non- growing aerospace continued to hold the " flagship " status. From 1952 titanium used as an engine nacelle fire compartment walls and on the Douglas DC-7 airliner began, has a lot of aircraft structural parts are manufactured using titanium . On the Boeing 757 , the supersonic SR-71 Blackbird , F-22 fighter jets , space satellites and missiles , titanium parts have played a crucial role . If the fan disc inside the aircraft engine blades are manufactured of titanium castings and forgings .

The second applications of titanium is associated with the use of its resistance to corrosion . The maximum amount which is used as an electrode material chlor-alkali production . Titanium anode graphite anode life of 10 times , so that production capacity nearly doubled , saving 15%. An annual output of 10,000 tons of caustic soda , about five tons of titanium .

In the maritime industry in shipbuilding , titanium had been former glory. Manufacturing of the former Soviet Union from 6 to 7 in the 3000 -ton submarine with a titanium high as 560 tons per ship ( which titanium Alfa class submarines in the amount of 908 tons or more ) . In recent years, offshore oil and gas exploration and development titanium displayed tremendous power, only the period from 1997 to 1999 in the North Sea oil and gas development in Europe have invested the $ 15 billion for the construction of 21 vessels and floating production operations platform 64 . A new platform for life safety systems need 50 to 500 tons , titanium stress joints need wedge 50 to 100 tons of titanium , scalable lifter need 400 to 1,200 tons of titanium, fixed lifter need 1,400 to 4,200 tons of titanium .

Known in the energy industry for power generation device with a titanium condenser and heat exchanger , such as our generators are selected titanium tube condenser, with about 700 tons of titanium . Qinshan and Daya Bay Nuclear Power have selected all-titanium condenser. In recent years, geothermal wells geothermal development, titanium is also exhibition style , fully demonstrated their resistance to corrosion . Power steam turbines used in high-temperature geothermal brine corrosive environments, life is short because the other materials which have been replaced by titanium . The advantage of using titanium is that it can improve the life of mining productivity and geothermal heat wells . The United States began in the 1990s in Southern California SaltonSea region hit a mouthful temperatures up to 300 ℃ geothermal wells have been used to make Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru alloy hot-rolled seamless 227 tons . Estimated that within the next decade around the world to develop the geothermal titanium may reach 2,400 tons . China's Tibet region Yangbajin power plants using titanium as its appearance will be greatly changed .

Offshore oil and gas drilling and geothermal development is mainly used Ti-6Al-4VELI, Ti-3Al-2.5V, Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru, Ti-3Al-2.5V-0.1Ru and molybdenum-containing Ti-38644 (Ti-3Al- 8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo) and other alloys . Marine fasteners using Ti-5111 (Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo) alloys. To meet the needs of China's marine engineering , but also developed a Ti75, Ti31 and Ti631 and other alloys .

According to statistics, a 200,000 kilowatts thermal power generating units with a capacity of 90 tons of titanium , a nuclear power plant with a titanium content of 80 to 100 tons. Visible amount of titanium and other aspects of energy and corrosion can not ignore .

Golf , biomaterials and automobile manufacturing is titanium three very promising new fields of application .

In the field of sports and recreation , golf input on the dramatic increase in the amount of 1993, has not yet entered the field of titanium , titanium look at the amount of 1997 increased to 4,000 tons. The reason is that titanium bat for high strength , light texture, batting average improved from 20 to 30 yards ( one yard = 0.9144 m ) , or 15%. Titanium bat emergence of the United States increased by 448 during the year 1998 a new stadium .Xinnuo titanium pipe The number of players to reach 25 million people ( close to half of the world ) . 1994 sold only 500 bats in 1995 increased to about 190,000 , while in 1997 actually soared to 1.72 million . Titanium come in handy in the field of recreational sports , ski areas , sledding , ice ax , crampons and other facilities, such as in climbing .

Titanium has excellent biocompatibility, low coefficient of expansion , highly durable and non-magnetic material is an excellent bone support . As the weight of the hip implant is about half of the stainless steel , and also the growth of bone tissue in the cement directly to the titanium implant body . Knee , denture reengineering also use titanium . According to statistics, every year the amount of medical titanium implanted between 600-1000 tons. The use of titanium in addition to Ti-6Al - 4VELI ( ultra-low interstitial oxygen ) , but also the development of aluminum-free ( exempt toxic to the kidneys and lungs ) Timetal21SRx (Ti-2.75Nb-15.2Mo-0.34Fe-0.18Si-0.250) and Timetal21S (Ti-2.9Nb-14-9Mo-0.09Fe-2.9Al-0.22Si-0.140), Ti-6Al-7Nb like titanium .

And development of low-cost production of titanium , the titanium powder processing techniques , it has been possible to extend the application of titanium to the car industry .Xinnuo tittanium bar Spring has started manufacturing titanium in Formula One racing , motorcycle racing and the most advanced Ferrari automotive applications. Shortly estimates obtained in the light car engine valves , connecting rods, suspension springs , exhaust system and fasteners will . Estimated titanium inroads into the automotive market will begin in Japan and the United States. United States each year to produce 16 million cars and light trucks , Honda , Japan advance to the second half of 1998 has titanium valves for Altezza family sedan.

To go through complicated steps titanium plate

Ilmenite becomes titanium tetrachloride, and then sealed into a stainless steel tank filled with argon gas , so that they react with metallic magnesium, get " titanium sponge ." This porous " sponge titanium" is not used directly , but also they must be melted into a liquid in an electric furnace to cast titanium ingots. However, the manufacture of such electric and talk about what easily ! In addition to the electric furnace and clean air must be pumped , the more vexing is that simply can not find a crucible containing liquid titanium , because the Ministry of General Refractories containing oxides , which will be taken from the liquid oxygen in titanium . Later, it was finally invented a " water-cooled copper crucible ," the electric stove. This is only a partial area of ​​the center of hot furnace , and the rest are cold , the titanium is melted in an electric furnace , the flow of water cooled copper crucible wall immediately cemented titanium ingots . This method has been used to produce several tons of titanium blocks, but it costs can imagine.

Color and state : silver gray metallic

Atomic radius: 2

Common valence: 2,3,4

Found by: Glenn Gore found Year: 1791

Discovery process :

Titanium is a British chemist Gregor (GregorRW ,1762-1817.) In the 1791 study found ilmenite and rutile . Four years later, in 1795 , the German chemist Klaproth (KlaprothMH ,1743-1817.) In the analysis of Hungary 's red rutile also found this element . He advocated for uranium named method ( in 1789 by the Klaproth discovered ) , a reference to Greek mythology, so once Protoss "Titans" is the name given to this new element named "Titanium". Chinese transliteration named their titanium .
Gregor and Klaproth titanium was found that powdered titanium dioxide, rather than titanium . Because the titanium oxide is extremely stable and can be directly heated in titanium compound with oxygen , nitrogen , hydrogen, carbon, and so the preparation of elemental titanium is difficult . Until 1910 was only U.S. chemist Hunt (HunterMA) first obtained the purity of the metal titanium 99.9 .
Element Description:

Having a metallic luster, ductility. Density 4.5 g / cm 3 . M.p. 1660 ± 10 ℃. The boiling point 3287 ℃. Valence of 2, 3 and 4 . Ionization energy of 6.82 eV. The main characteristic of titanium is density, mechanical strength, easy processing. Titanium plastic mainly rely on purity. The more pure titanium , the greater plasticity. Has good corrosion resistance, is not affected by the atmosphere and seawater . At room temperature , will not be corroded with dilute hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or dilute alkali solution ; Only hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated hydrochloric acid , concentrated sulfuric acid before it effects .

Element Source :

Titanium are rare abundance in the earth's crust is the seventh with 0.42 . Mainly used for smelting titanium mineral ilmenite (FeTiO3), rutile (TiO2) and perovskites and the like. Ore processed to obtain volatile titanium tetrachloride , and then restore the system magnesium titanium .

Elements Uses :

Titanium and titanium alloys for the aerospace industry a lot , the " space metal ," said ; addition, in the shipbuilding industry, chemical industry , manufacturing of mechanical components , telecommunications equipment , carbide and so has an increasingly wide range of applications .

The auxiliary data elements :

The main ore of titanium and ilmenite, rutile TiO2 FeTiO3, it is also found in the analysis comes from two ore . As early as 1791, British clergyman grid tired Gore , also a scientist , an analysis of the black ore produced in his diocese , which is today becoming ilmenite ore discovered a new metal material and named menacenite. Three years later, in 1795 , Hungary Klaproth analyzed Bowie Nick (Boinik) region produces rutile ,medical titanium bar which is familiar to a new metal oxide , with a revolt acid, alkali solution features borrowed earth in Greek mythology the first generation of the sons of the Titans Protoss Titans, named this metal is titanium, element symbols as Ti. Two years later, Klaproth confirmed tired Gore found menacenite grid is titanium.

Titanium for acids, bases with strong corrosion resistance , chemical production has become an important material.

Titanium is generally considered to be rare , in fact, it is content in the crust is quite large, so large than the average common metal zinc, copper , tin, even better than chlorine , phosphorus, are great.

Titanium smelting
Titanium was discovered in 1791 , and the first pure titanium was prepared in 1910 , the middle through a hundred years. The reason is: the nature of titanium at high temperatures is very lively, very easily and oxygen , nitrogen, carbon and other elements combined to extract titanium requires very harsh conditions.

Characteristics of titanium and titanium alloys , purpose
Titanium is a silvery white metal that has many excellent properties. The density of titanium is 4.54g/cm3, 43 lighter than steel , lighter than the prestigious magnesium slightly heavier surgical implant titanium. Mechanical strength of steel but with almost the same , more than twice as large as aluminum , magnesium than five times . Titanium , high temperature, melting point 1942K, higher than gold near 1000K, higher than steel nearly 500K.

How to clean a titanium plate filter

Pharmaceutical production in accordance with the requirements of the different nature of the solvent and the media , our technical engineering titanium filter regeneration procedures are as follows :

1 , caustic : 3-5 % solution of sodium hydroxide AR soak for 30-60 minutes , the temperature is about 40 degrees . Best in ultrasonic cleaning machine. After soaking with deionized water or filtered water for injection and outside rushed to neutral, measured conductivity medical titanium bars. With pure dry air pressure ≥ 0.4Mpa .

2 , acid : 5% nitric acid solution soak for 8 hours , the temperature was 40 degrees. Best in ultrasonic cleaning machine. After soaking with deionized water or filtered water for injection and outside rushed to neutral, measured conductivity . With pure dry air pressure ≥ 0.4Mpa .

3, the above two methods may be used alone , may be used interchangeably with each other . If the conditions can be combined with ultrasonic cleaning machine best.

4 , organic pollution can be combined with a surfactant cleaning, cell debris contaminated system conjugating enzyme cleaning effect is more ideal. ( Food and drink can be a high concentration of citric acid wash )

Note: Always online blowback wash ( line cleaning with pure liquid or compressed air or clean water filtration recoil ) can reduce the frequency of cleaning using the above method surgical implant titanium.

Titanium plate why does not cause metal allergy

To the metal of nickel, cobalt , chromium , mercury , palladium is considered to be more invasive than a few reasons for metal allergy to metal . Sometimes , gold, platinum , tin , copper, iridium, indium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc and other metals may also cause allergies. The titanium and silver will not cause allergies cause of metal , usually due to the reason that iron is also extremely rare case of allergy titanium strip.

Once the metal caused by an allergy to reason , then, will continue thereafter arising due to the same kind of metal allergy . This is because the human body has an instinct that is - the role of the human body when there is discomfort ( threatening ) substances from entering our body , the body will be rejected by the reaction of the so-called defense system .

Although the body is in a healthy state because it will have a response to the phenomenon of denial , but most people are allergic to the metal is still considered a rather disturbing disease. Titanium jewelry does not cause allergies, the main reason is because of its titanium metal produced is not like ordinary metal-like ( appear ) ionization phenomena .

Metal allergy is caused because the human body sweat and grease discharge , will be worn on the skin of metal and metal ions are dissolved , and allergic reactions due to dissolution of the substance is generated after being absorbed by the skin caused by the antigen-antibody reaction cause . Thus , not only worn on the body ornaments , watches , glasses frames, dentists used to treat tooth fillings , may also make the body produce an allergic reaction to the metal .

Titanium is extremely strong metal material medical titanium plate, so even when exposed to heat ( degrees ) and in contact with drugs ( which the metal ion is not thereby began to melt ) can not easily produce changes affected , so even those who have a sensitive skin unlikely to cause metal allergies. Besides titanium dioxide in the past , has been one of the raw materials used to make women's cosmetics ( foundation and sunscreen lotion ) is .

Other β titanium and titanium plate series of

1 titanium - titanium chromium
And titanium - iron, titanium - different manganese , chromium solid solution in β titanium unlimited . There is a minimum point of chromium liquid line - in titanium. Chromium and titanium in a maximum solubility of about 0.5% , in 670 ℃. Here the presence of the following eutectoid transformation temperature , the solubility of the eutectic point of 15 %. β = a + TiCr2
TiCr2 is an intermetallic compound having a face centered cubic lattice in a low temperature , a = 6.940 Å ; having a hexagonal lattice at a high temperature , a = 4.900 Å , c = 7.927 Å , c / a = 1.6178, a melting point of 1350 ℃.

2 titanium - titanium copper lines
Copper maximum solid solubility of β titanium is 17 % in 990 ℃. And the maximum solid solubility of titanium in a 2.1% in 798 ℃. This occurs in the following eutectoid transformation temperature , the solubility of its eutectic point was 7.1 %. β = a + Ti2Cu
Titanium - titanium-rich portion of the copper-based compounds are the most important Ti2Cu, may occur only when the copper content of more than 40% TiCu phase .

3 titanium - tungsten titanium Department

Titanium - tungsten and titanium - chromium similar in β titanium tungsten is infinite solid solution . In the solid state , it is only one eutectoid transformation : β = a + β2
Its solubility eutectoid point about 28 % eutectoid temperature of 715 ℃. β2 -phase solid solution of tungsten is based. In the eutectoid temperature , solubility in tungsten titanium reaches a maximum of 0.8 %. Clearly, in titanium - tungsten no intermetallic compounds appear.

4 titanium - . Cobalt titanium

Cobalt β titanium maximum solubility of 17% in 1020 ℃. The maximum solid solubility of cobalt and titanium in a range of 1.0 % in 685 ℃. This occurs in the following eutectoid transformation temperature , the solubility of the eutectoid point was 9.5 %. β = a + Ti2Co
Titanium - cobalt titanium-rich part of the binary phase diagram has between two metal compounds : Ti2Co and TiCo. The former is the analysis of the product of the latter only in 38% or more of cobalt .

5 titanium - nickel titanium alloy

Nickel solid solution of β titanium maximum of 13 % in 955 ℃. Nickel- titanium in a solution of 0.2% maximum , in 770 ℃. This occurs in the following eutectoid transformation temperature medical titanium plates, its solubility eutectoid point to 5.0 %. β = a + Ti2Ni
Titanium - nickel titanium-rich part of the binary phase diagram between the two main metal compounds : Ti2Ni and TiNi. The former is eutectoid product , which exists only when more than 38% of nickel .

6 titanium - . Palladium titanium

Palladium maximum solid titanium β of about 49.94% , in 1140 ℃. Palladium and titanium in a solution of about 2.41% maximum , in 578 ℃. In the presence of the following eutectoid transformation temperature , the solubility of the eutectoid point to 24.92% . β = a + Ti4Pd
Obviously , titanium - titanium-rich part of the binary phase diagram of palladium only one intermetallic compound.

7 titanium - titanium silicon

Si in solid solution of β titanium maximum of about 3.0 % in 1340 ℃. A maximum solid solubility in silicon in an amount of 0.45% titanium , in 860 ℃. This occurs in the following eutectoid transformation temperature , its solubility eutectoid point to 0.65 percent . β = a + Ti3Si
Clearly, in titanium - the presence of silicon binary phase diagram of titanium-rich part of the two compounds : Ti3Si and Ti5Si3. The former is a low-temperature phase .titanium wire The latter is the high temperature phase , or a silicon content of more than 16.8% at room temperature exists.

Localized corrosion and high temperature properties of titanium plate

1 , on the electrochemical properties of natural seawater temperature and localized corrosion properties of titanium alloys
Known from the cathodic polarization curve , high oxygen overpotential of titanium , which in general can not be an effective cathode. So that when in contact with other metals, titanium , alloys of accelerated corrosion B30 obvious titanium stockist, 18-8 to increase the corrosion rate is not significant . This can be confirmed from the results of galvanic current measured real sea, when it matches the titanium and titanium alloys resistant stainless steel use will not occur due to rapid acceleration of its electricity occasionally corrosion . This result and the early years of the Soviet Union and other scholars ToraWOB assertion and拉奎laboratory early match.
When the titanium potential is <-700mV (SCE) only when hydrogen absorption , so in our seawater tests have not found one who appears Schlain discussed phenomenon.
From the anodic polarization curve known until the release of oxygen , titanium is also undetectable in seawater break potential. Thus titanium does not appear in natural seawater pitting , crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking .
2 , localized corrosion properties of titanium on seawater temperature
As the seawater temperature, oxygen content reduced, resulting in titanium and other corrosion potential in the negative shift. Galvanic current value and the coupling thermal seawater corrosion rate of anode materials have shown a slight change in the condition of 80 ℃ thermal seawater titanium alloy and copper alloy, stainless steel and other corrosion resistant metal contact will not accelerate galvanic action such anode metal corrosion. Moreover, it is smaller than the real sea "dangerous ."titanium strip Temperature reported in the literature in hot titanium crevice corrosion in seawater were 93 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃ , etc. , in our experimental conditions the results indicate the following 120 ℃, when no other external seawater when the impact of ions , pitting and crevice corrosion phenomena such localized corrosion will not occur.
Candle -resistant titanium reasons reported in the literature is due from the titanium surface is easy to form a highly complementary surface film , because studies have shown the work without making the mask , temporarily unable to report on whether the reader said .